If you’ve ever picked up a prescription for an opioid pain medication, your pharmacist may have also recommended a stool softener or a product that combines a stool softener with a stimulant laxative. That recommendation isn’t random. It’s because opioid pain medications commonly cause constipation—a condition often referred to as opioid-induced constipation (OIC).
Opioid medications such as hydrocodone, oxycodone, morphine, and tramadol slow the movement of your intestines. As a result, stool stays in your digestive tract longer, allowing more water to be absorbed. This can make bowel movements hard, dry, and difficult to pass. For many people, constipation can begin within the first few days of starting an opioid, which is why preventing it early is often easier than treating it later.
A stool softener, such as docusate, helps draw more water into the stool, making it softer and easier to pass. In some cases, your pharmacist or healthcare provider may recommend a product that also contains a stimulant laxative, such as senna. The stimulant helps the muscles of the intestines move stool through the digestive tract. This combination may be appropriate for people who are at a higher risk of constipation or who are expected to take opioid pain medication for several days. Not everyone needs the combination, so it’s always best to follow the recommendation that’s right for your situation.
There are also a few simple things you can do to help prevent constipation. Drinking plenty of water, staying as active as your recovery allows, eating foods that are high in fiber, and taking short walks if your healthcare provider approves can all support healthy digestion. These habits can make a noticeable difference, especially when combined with the right medication.
If constipation becomes severe, lasts for several days, or is accompanied by severe abdominal pain, vomiting, or an inability to pass stool, it’s important to contact your healthcare provider promptly. Stool softeners and laxatives should be used as directed, since using them too often or for long periods may cause problems.
How soon can opioid constipation begin?
Constipation can develop within the first few days of starting an opioid medication. That’s why many healthcare providers recommend preventing constipation from the beginning rather than waiting until it becomes uncomfortable.
If you’re starting a new pain medication and have questions about preventing constipation, stop by Yale Drug or give us a call. Our pharmacists can help you choose the right over-the-counter stool softener or laxative based on your medications and individual needs, making your recovery as comfortable as possible.
